Alzheimer's and exercise

By Robert Carew

Alzheimer’s is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory, thinking skills and eventually the ability to do the smallest tasks. In most people symptoms usually appear after the age of 60.

Alzheimer’s is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer who, in 1906, noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. 

Memory loss is typically one of the first signs. As the disease progresses, memory loss worsens, and changes in other mental abilities arise eg. getting lost, trouble handling money and paying bills and repeating questions. Eventually damage occurs in those regions of the brain controlling language, reasoning and conscious thought. People begin to have problems recognizing friends and family and become delusional, paranoid and aggressive. In severe Alzheimer’s, people cannot communicate and are completely dependant on others for care.

The causes of Alzheimer’s are not yet fully understood. It is a series of complex events taking place in the brain over a long period of time. The causes seem to be a mix of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors.

The main focus of Alzheimer’s treatment is to slow down or delay the symptoms of the disease. There are several medications approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s. They help to maintain thinking, memory and speaking skills.

Studies have shown that exercise is beneficial for people with Alzheimer’s disease. Benefits of regular exercise include maintenance of motor skills, decreased falls, and a reduced rate of progression of the disease.

Light cardiovascular and resistance exercise is recommended. Walking is always a good exercise, coupled with light weights and stretching. The main goal of exercise is for enjoyment. It should be a social and fun activity for the patient. Functional, everyday activities will help them cope with their activities of daily living.  I would suggest 15-30 mins, at least 3x a week, in order for it to be beneficial.

For the Biokineticist, patience is essential. In my experience, care should be taken to make sure not to try and correct the person and make them aware of their memory loss. Answer questions as if they haven’t been asked 10 times before.

Motivation is a big factor, so try and find activities that the person enjoys and always be positive and encouraging. They may get agitated and aggressive. Don’t take it personally.

Research is still being done to better understand Alzheimer’s and its treatment. This effort is bringing us closer to improving management and prevention of this devastating disease.